Alzheimer's and Dementia
Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with a person's daily life. Alzheimer's is the most common type of dementia and causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms of Alzheimer's usually develop slowly, worsen over time, and hinder daily tasks.
Learn more about:
Primary Supports and Education
The Dementia Road Map: A Guide for Family and Care Partners offers guidance about what to do when a person experiences changes in memory and thinking and offers information and tips about what to expect and steps to take if someone in your family has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's or other dementia. Read it online in English or in Spanish. Or, order paper copies, click here for ordering instructions.
The Alzheimer's Association is a worldwide voluntary health organization dedicated to Alzheimer's care, support and research. Local chapters provide a broad range of care and support programs, education and advocacy, as well as funding for Alzheimer's and dementia research. The Washington State Chapter has five office locations and a vast network of volunteers serving 47 counties in Washington State and North Idaho. The Oregon and SW Washington Chapter serves residents of Clark and Skamania counties.
Services include: a 24/7 Helpline (1.800.272.3900) available in over 200 languages, care consultations, support groups, education, and early stage memory loss programs. The Association's national website, alz.org, is a valuable source of information on Alzheimer's disease and dementia symptoms, diagnosis, stages, treatment, caregiving and resources. Information is also available online in Spanish and 15 other languages.
Safety
Safety is important to everyone, but taking specific precautions becomes vital as memory loss progresses. By putting measures in place, you can prevent injuries and help the person with Alzheimer's, dementia or memory loss feel comfortable.
In Home
People with Alzheimer's can live in their homes if safety measures are in place. You can adapt the home to support the person's needs.
Learn more about safety in the home for persons with Alzheimer's disease or dementia.
Wandering
Six in 10 people with Alzheimer's will wander. A person with Alzheimer's may not remember his or her name or address and can become disoriented, even in familiar places. Wandering among people with dementia is dangerous, but there are strategies and services to help prevent it.
Learn more about wandering.Learn About Safety Devices in Washington State Available for People Who Wander
There are programs with devices in Washington State designed to assist in the monitoring and return of those who wander.
The Alzheimer’s Association, in collaboration with MedicAlert® Foundation, provides membership plans with 24/7 Wandering Support. This nationwide emergency response service facilitates the safe return of individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease or another dementia who wander or have a medical emergency.
Project Life Saver is a radio transmitter tracking system used in the following Sheriffs Offices and Police Departments to safely return wanderers back to their homes: Adams County, Douglas County, Chelan Clark County, County, Cowlitz County, Ferry County, Grant County, Jefferson County, Lincoln County, Pacific County Fire Department #1, Whatcom County, Yakima County, the Burlington Police Department, and the Sequim Police Department.
Driving
Driving demands quick reactions and decision making. People with Alzheimer's likely will not be able to drive. Dealing with the issue early on can help.
The Alzheimer’s Association website provides tips on speaking to a loved one about driving, signs of unsafe driving and other resources.
Learn more about dementia and driving.
You can anonymously report someone you feel should no longer be driving. The Department of Motor Vehicles will assess the person. Click here for more information.
More Driving Resources:
Legal and Financial
Legal Planning
People with memory concerns, Alzheimer’s or other types of dementia and their loved ones often have questions about planning for their future. The Dementia Legal Planning Toolkit can help you make important financial and health care decisions and give you the legal forms you need. Click here to download the Dementia Legal Planning Toolkit and related resources.
The Alzheimer's Association also offers legal planning information and resources for people who have been diagnosed with dementia here and for caregivers here.
Other Legal Resources:
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Washington Wills: A do-it-yourself legal information resource to help you draft your own simple will and other basic estate plan documents.
- Information and forms to help you designate a Durable Power of Attorney. Available in several languages.
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Health Care Directive (Living Will): Information and forms for you to state what kind of medical treatments you do or do not wish to have if you are terminally ill or become permanently unconscious.
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Questions and Answers on Guardianship: General information about how and when a guardian should be appointed.
Financial Planning
Stress and fear often delay financial planning when Alzheimer’s or other dementia is diagnosed. You can reduce stress by planning ahead.
Putting financial plans in place now allows the person with dementia to express wishes for future care and decisions. It also gives you time to work through the issues involved in long-term care.
Abuse Prevention Tools
- Washington's Scam Alert Network - The Washington State Office of the Attorney General ‘s Scam Alert Network sends emails and twitter alerts about scams and fraud. The website also connects to other consumer protection issues.
- The Washington State Office of the Attorney General has information on Safeguarding Consumers, Protecting Youth, Protecting Seniors.
Caregiving
Providing Care for Someone with Dementia
What to Expect
Tips for Family and Care Partners: Debbie, Juanita and Les, care partners of loved ones with dementia, share challenges and strategies to help their loved one and themselves.
The Dementia Road Map: A Guide for Family and Care Partners offers guidance about what to do when a person experiences changes in memory and thinking, and offers information and tips about what to expect and steps to take if someone in your family has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or other dementia. Read it online in English or Spanish. Click here for instructions on how to order paper copies in either language.
You Are Not Alone
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Support groups provide emotional and practical support to caregivers, family members and friends whose loved one has Alzheimer's. Several organizations also provide support groups for people experiencing early stage memory loss.
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Visit the Alzheimer's Association Caregiver Center.
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The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides local services for veterans with Alzheimer's and their families.
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Alzheimer’s Disease & Down Syndrome: A Practical Guidebook for Caregivers
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Learn about Washington's Family Caregiver Support Program, which has staff in offices across the state who can provide information, advice and connection to local services to meet your needs. Services are free or low cost.
Behavioral Tips
As Alzheimer's and other dementias progress, behaviors change. Learn about behaviors such as anger, anxiety, depression, sleep issues and more.
Communication Tips
When people have Alzheimer's disease or another dementia, their ability to communicate gradually declines. Communicating requires patience, understanding and good listening skills. Learn communication tips for different stages of the disease or download a brochure.
Caregiver Stress:
Caregivers of persons with dementia and Alzheimer's frequently report experiencing high levels of stress. It can be overwhelming to take care of a loved one with Alzheimer's or other dementia, but too much stress can be harmful to both of you.
How do I Help?
In-Home Activities
People with Alzheimer's or another dementia can still do the activities they love. Many activities can be modified to the person's ability. Activities can reduce behaviors like wandering or agitation and enhance quality of life. Below are several links with more information on types of activities and how to tailor to them.
Classes
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The local Alzheimer’s Association offers a number of educational presentations and conferences throughout the year.
- Alzheimer’s & Dementia Training Center
- Powerful Tools for Caregivers Program
What is a Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program?
The Washington State Long-Term Care Ombudsman advocates for residents of nursing homes, adult family homes, and assisted living facilities. Its purpose is to protect and promote the Resident Rights guaranteed these residents under Federal and State law and regulations. Learn more or connect with your local or area LTC Ombudsman.
Care Options
In-home care includes a wide range of support for people with Alzheimer's or another dementia, allowing them to continue living at home. It also can help caregivers.
Adult Day Services
Adult day centers and adult day health offer social and safe activities for people with Alzheimer's and other dementias. Learn more about adult day services.
Residential Care Settings
If the person with Alzheimer's or other dementia prefers a communal living environment or needs more care than can be provided at home, a residential setting may be the best option. Different types of facilities provide different levels of care, depending on the person's needs. Learn more about residential care.
MEDICAL AND DENTAL
Memory loss or dementia is not a normal part of aging.
Many people have memory loss issues. This does not mean they have Alzheimer’s or another dementia. There are many different causes of memory loss, some of which may be treatable. Learn more about the warning signs or download the 10 Warning Signs worksheet.
Medical Evaluation
The first step in getting help for a memory problem or suspected dementia is to have a thorough medical examination. During an evaluation, treatable conditions that affect memory can be found and treatment can begin immediately. Learn more about how Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed.
Getting a diagnosis early is very important. If there is a suspected dementia, an early diagnosis allows you to learn more about living well with dementia and plan for the future. Learn more about the value of early detection and diagnosis.
"If we could have had a correct diagnosis even two years earlier, it would have given us more time to plan, to do the things that can result in a good quality of life and to accomplish things we always wanted to do that got put off for this reason or that."
- Jay Smith, husband of Patty, diagnosed 2 years after onset of symptoms
Your Medical Evaluation - What to Expect
Years ago, Bob Wellington and his wife, Juanita, faced the question of whether or not to schedule a medical evaluation for dementia. Based on their experience, learn what to expect during the medical evaluation process — and be sure to watch the video of Bob and Juanita sharing insights from their journey.
Facts About Alzheimer’s & Dementia
- Alzheimer's is a progressive disease. Dementia symptoms gradually worsen over a number of years. In its early stages, memory loss is mild, but with late-stage Alzheimer's, individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to their environment. Learn more about the stages of Alzheimer's disease.
- Alzheimer's doesn’t just affect older adults. Younger-onset (also known as early onset) Alzheimer's affects people younger than age 65. Up to 5 percent of the more than 5 million Americans with Alzheimer’s have younger onset. Learn more about younger-onset Alzheimer’s and how it is diagnosed.
- You can live well with dementia. You have a choice in how you live your life with Alzheimer's or other dementia. It is possible to live well with Alzheimer's by taking control of your health and wellness and focusing your energy on the aspects of your life you find most meaningful. Learn more about living well with dementia.
- Alzheimer's has no current cure but treatments can help, and research continues. Current Alzheimer's treatments cannot stop the disease from getting worse, but they can slow dementia’s symptoms for a while and improve quality of life for both those with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. Researchers around the world are now seeking better ways to treat the disease, delay its onset and prevent it and/or reduce risks of cognitive decline. Learn more about treatment options and research.
- Do what you can to keep your brain healthy. There are steps you can take to promote healthy aging and brain health. Learn more about promoting good brain health from the National Institute on Aging, read about 10 Ways to Love Your Brain; and/or connect with the Washington State Department of Health.
Oral Health and Dental Considerations
- Good oral health is important for overall health and well-being. It is important to improve oral health and reduce the risk of poor oral and dental health for persons with dementia. Maintaining oral health brings benefits in terms of self-esteem, dignity, social integration and nutrition. Poor oral health can lead to pain and tooth loss and can negatively affect self-esteem and the ability to eat, laugh, and smile. Find out more.
- There is evidence of a potential link between oral health and dementia risk. In newly published research, scientists have uncovered evidence of how bacterial toxins stemming from poor oral hygiene can make their way into the brain and may well contribute to Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia.